Higher education institutions are required to demonstrate the ways in which they respond to the social and economic needs of society, such as enhancing graduate employability, facilitating social mobility and wider access to higher education, contributing to national economic growth and local development in short and long term, stimulating new enterprises and innovation in existing firms. In addition, higher education institutions must continuouslly adapt and respond to new challenges to maintain standards of excellence and be competitive on international education markets. These challenges have, in sum, raised questions about the shape and constitution of the sector, with some scholars urging transformation, and questioning in particular the relevance of traditional conceptual and organisational models.